Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is a peptide hormone that is composed of 28 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3,300 Da. The Tα1 molecule is composed of four α-helix regions that are stabilized by disulfide bonds between cysteine residues at positions 4 and 25, 7 and 19, 10 and 22, and 13 and 16.

Tα1 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of the immune system, specifically in the activation of T-cells. This peptide hormone has been shown to promote the differentiation and proliferation of T-cells, and to enhance the function of T-cells. Additionally, Tα1 has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, and to modulate the production of cytokines and other mediators of inflammation.

Tα1 has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various conditions, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. In recent years, Tα1 has been used as an immunomodulatory agent in the treatment of cancer and has shown promising results in clinical trials.

Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is a naturally occurring peptide that is produced by the thymus gland, which is a primary immune organ in the human body. The primary role of Tα1 is to regulate the immune system, specifically the activity of T-cells. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that play a critical role in the immune response to infection and disease.

Tα1 has been shown to have several immunomodulatory effects, including the stimulation of T-cell proliferation and differentiation, enhancement of T-cell function, and modulation of cytokine production. These properties have led to the investigation of Tα1 as a potential therapeutic agent in various medical conditions, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.

In cancer, Tα1 has been studied as a treatment option due to its ability to modulate the immune response and enhance the activity of T-cells. Tα1 has been shown to have anti-tumor effects, both as a standalone therapy and in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Tα1 has also been studied in the context of autoimmune disorders, where it has been shown to have immunosuppressive effects and to modulate the production of cytokines and other mediators of inflammation. Additionally, Tα1 has been investigated as a potential treatment for infectious diseases, due to its ability to enhance the activity of the immune system and to modulate the cytokine response.

It’s important to note that while Tα1 has shown promise in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies, more research is needed to fully understand its potential therapeutic applications and to determine the optimal dosing and administration strategies.